Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated
Class: Vaccines
ATC Class: J07BF03
VA Class: IM100
Brands: IPOL
Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated is also contained as an ingredient in the following combinations:
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (Recombinant) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined
Introduction
Inactivated virus vaccine. Poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) contains 3 strains of inactivated poliovirus (types 1, 2, and 3) and is used to stimulate active immunity to poliovirus. Also commercially available in fixed-combination vaccines containing diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliovirus antigens (DTaP-IPV; Kinrix, Quadracel), fixed-combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and poliovirus antigens (DTaP-HepB-IPV; Pediarix), and combination vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) antigens (DTaP-IPV/Hib; Pentacel). Other poliovirus vaccines (e.g., poliovirus vaccine live oral [OPV]; no longer commercially available in the US) may be available in other countries.
Uses for Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated
Prevention of Poliomyelitis
Prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in infants and children 6 weeks through 17 years of age and in certain adults.
Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection that involves the GI tract and occasionally the CNS. Polioviruses generally are transmitted by the fecal-oral and respiratory routes. Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic; about 24% of infections consist of nonspecific flu-like symptoms (e.g., low-grade fever and sore throat) without clinical or laboratory evidence of CNS invasion and with complete recovery (abortive poliomyelitis). Nonparalytic aseptic meningitis (sometimes with paresthesia) occurs in 1–5% of patients, usually within a few days after a prodrome similar to that of minor illness and with complete recovery. In <2% of infections, there is rapid onset of asymmetric acute flaccid paralysis; residual paralytic disease occurs in about 66% of these patients. There were approximately 600,000 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis worldwide and ≥10,000–20,000 cases in the US each year before poliovirus vaccines became available. Wild-type poliovirus infection has been eliminated in the US. Efforts are ongoing to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide.
USPHS Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), AAP, and others recommend that all infants and children receive primary immunization against poliomyelitis initiated at 2 months of age. These experts also recommend catch-up vaccination for all children and adolescents ≤17 years of age who are unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated against poliomyelitis.
For internationally adopted children whose immune status is uncertain, vaccinations can be repeated or serologic tests performed to confirm immunity. For IPV, ACIP states that the simplest approach is to revaccinate those <18 years of age according to the recomm..
