Gelsemium
Scientific Name(s): Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait.
Common Name(s): Evening trumpet flower, Gelsemium, Wild, Woodbine, Yellow or Carolina jasmine, Yellow or Carolina jessamine
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Nov 1, 2021.
Clinical Overview
Use
Gelsemium has been traditionally used to treat pain and respiratory ailments.
Dosing
There are no recent clinical studies of gelsemium to provide a basis for dosage recommendations. Classical use of this herb indicated 30 mg of the rhizome. Current use is primarily homeopathic.
Contraindications
No longer considered safe.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Documented adverse effects. Avoid use.
Interactions
None well documented.
Adverse Reactions
Research reveals little or no information regarding adverse reactions with the use of this product.
Toxicology
All parts of the gelsemium are toxic and can cause death when ingested.
Botany
Gelsemium is a climbing, woody evergreen vine characterized by very fragrant, bright yellow flowers. Although native to the southwest United States, it also grows in Mexico and parts of Central America where it is widely cultivated as an ornamental.1 Synonymous with G. nitidum Michx. and Bignonia sempervirens L. Family: Loganiaceaea or Spigeliaceae. Not to be confused with true jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum L.)
History
Gelsemium has been used as an ingredient in some analgesic and homeopathic products, but its use has been limited due to its toxicity. At the turn of the century, it was a popular ingredient in asthma and respiratory remedies.2 Related species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat neuralgia and various painful conditions. It is the state flower of South Carolina.
Chemistry
The active components of gelsemium are the alkaloids, which are present in a concentration of about 0.5%. These consist primarily of gelsemine, with lesser amounts of related compounds (gelsemicine, gelsedine, etc).1 Other compounds found in the plant include scopoletin (also called gelsemic acid), a small amount of volatile oil, fatty acid and tannins.1
Uses and Pharmacology
Gelsemium and its principle alkaloid gelsemine have been reported to exert central stimulant and analgesic effects, being able to potentiate the effects of aspirin and phenacetin.1 The plant has been investigated for its anticancer properties.
Animal/Clinical data
Research reveals no clinical data regarding the use of gelsemium for stimulant or analgesic effects.
Dosing
There are no recent clinical studies of gelsemium to provide a basis for dosage recommendations. Classical use of this herb indicated 30 mg of the rhizome. Current use is primarily homeopathic.
Pregnancy / Lactation
Documented adverse effects. Avoid use.
Interactions
None well documented.
Adverse Reactions
Research reveals little or no information regarding adverse reactions with the use of this product.
Toxicology
All parts of the plant contain toxic alkaloids that can cause paralysis and death, and should never be ingested. Gelsemium alkaloids are highly toxic. Ingestion of as little as 4 ml of a fluid extract has been reported to be fatal. Toxic symptoms include giddiness, weakness, ptosis, dilated pupils and respiratory depression. Gelsemicine is more toxic than gelsemine.3
Toxicity has been reported in animals that have grazed on gelsemium, and bees that pollinate the plant have...
