Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
Class: Vaccines
ATC Class: J07BJ01
VA Class: IM100
Introduction
Live, attenuated virus vaccine. Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine live (MMR) is a fixed-combination vaccine containing measles, mumps, and rubella antigens and is used to stimulate active immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella. MMR also commercially available in the US as a fixed-combination vaccine containing measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella antigens (MMRV; ProQuad).
Uses for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
Prevention of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
Prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella in adults, adolescents, and children ≥12 months of age.
USPHS Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), AAP, and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) recommend that all children be vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella using a 2-dose regimen of MMR beginning at 12 through 15 months of age, unless contraindicated. (See Contraindications under Cautions.) In addition, catch-up vaccination with MMR is recommended for all children and adolescents up to 18 years of age who are unvaccinated or have previously received only a single dose.
ACIP, AAP, AAFP, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and American College of Physicians (ACP) recommend that all adults receive 1 or 2 doses of MMR, unless they have evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella.
The fixed-combination vaccine containing MMR and varicella vaccine (MMRV; ProQuad) may be used in children 12 months through 12 years of age when a dose of MMR and a dose of varicella vaccine is indicated. Although use of MMRV (ProQuad) reduces the number of required injections when both vaccines are indicated during a single health-care visit, there is some evidence that the relative risk for fever and febrile seizures in infants 12 through 23 months of age may be higher with MMRV (ProQuad) than when a dose of MMR and a dose of Varivax are given concomitantly at separate sites. (See Use of Fixed Combinations under Cautions.)
Although monovalent vaccines containing measles, mumps, or rubella antigens have been used to stimulate active immunity to measles, mumps, or rubella, these single-antigen vaccines are no longer commercially available in the US. MMR vaccine should be used to complete immunization against measles, mumps, and rubella in adults, adolescents, or children who previously received single doses of the monovalent vaccines.
CDC states that individuals already immune to measles, mumps, or rubella because of previous vaccination or natural disease can receive MMR without an increased risk of adverse reactions.
Evidence of measles immunity. Individuals born before 1957 generally are considered immune to measles. Individuals born during or after 1957 can be considered immune to measles if there is documentation of adequate immunization against measles (2 doses of MMR or measles-containing vaccine with first dose given on or after 12 months of age and second dose given at least 28 days ...
